Volcanic eruptions are natural phenomena that occur when magma from beneath the Earth's surface rises to the surface, causing an explosive release of gas, ash, and lava. These eruptions can have significant impacts on the environment, including the formation of new landforms, destruction of property, and even loss of life. Scientists study volcanic eruptions to better understand their causes, predict when they may occur, and mitigate their potential hazards. Research in this area includes monitoring volcanic activity, studying volcanic rock samples, and modeling volcanic processes to improve hazard assessment and response strategies.